Aerosol spray device

ABSTRACT

An aerosol spray device comprising a pressurised or pressurisable container and a spray discharge assembly mounted on the container. The spray discharge assembly comprises a valve stem moveable from a first limit position to a second limit position to effect spray discharge from the device, a spray outlet region having an outlet orifice from which fluid from the container is discharged, and a flow conduit for supplying fluid from the container to the spray outlet region. The flow conduit has at least one first inlet for liquid from the container and at least one second inlet at the same distance along the conduit as the first inlet(s) or downstream of the first inlet(s) for propellant gas from a headspace of the container. A valving arrangement is adapted such that movement of the valve stem from its first to second limit position opens the first and the second inlets to cause a bubble laden flow to be created in the flow conduit and movement of the valve stem back to its first limit position closes the first and second inlets.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an aerosol spray device for discharginga liquid product (e.g. a household product such as an air freshener) inthe form of a spray. The invention has particular application to aerosolspray devices which utilise a compressed gas propellant rather than aliquefied gas propellant.

BACKGROUND TO INVENTION

Broadly speaking, aerosol spray devices comprise a container holding aliquid to be discharged together and an outlet nozzle associated with avalving arrangement which is selectively operable to allow discharge ofthe liquid as a spray from the nozzle by means of the propellantprovided within the container.

Both “compressed gas propellant aerosols” and “liquefied gas propellantaerosols” are known. The former incorporate a propellant which is a gasat 25° C. and at a pressure of at least 50 bar (e.g. air, nitrogen orcarbon dioxide). Such a gas does not liquefy in the aerosol spraydevice. On opening of the valving arrangement, the compressed gas“pushes” liquid in the spray device through the aforementioned nozzlethat provides for atomisation. There are, in fact, two types of“compressed gas propellant aerosols”. In one type, only liquid from thecontainer (“pushed-out” by the compressed gas) is supplied to the outletnozzle. In the other principal type, a portion of the propellant gasfrom the container is bled into the liquid being supplied to the nozzlewhich atomises the resulting two-phase, bubble-laden (“bubbly”) flow toproduce the spray. This latter format can produce finer sprays than theformer.

In contrast, “liquefied gas propellant aerosols” use a propellant whichis present (in the aerosol spray device) both in the gaseous and liquidphases and is miscible with the latter. The propellant may, for example,be butane, propane or a mixture thereof. On discharge, the gas phasepropellant “propels” the squid in container (including dissolved, liquidphase propellant through the nozzle).

It is well known that “liquefied gas propellant aerosols” are capable ofproducing finer sprays than “compressed gas propellant aerosols”. Thisis due to the fact that, in the former, a large proportion of theliquefied gas “flash vaporises” during discharge of liquid from theaerosol spray device and this rapid expansion gives rise to a finespray. Such fine sprays cannot generally be achieved with “compressedgas propellant aerosols”, in either of the two principal formatsdescribed above.

Attempts have been made to improve the “fineness” of sprays generated by“compressed gas propellant aerosols”. Prior art proposals have includedthe possibility of “bleeding off” some of the compressed gas (e.g.nitrogen) that is present in the container and mixing this with theliquid product to achieve “two fluid atomisation” which is a techniqueknown to provide fine sprays for other areas of spray technology, e.g.liquid fuel combustion. However it has been found extremely difficult toproduce fine sprays using two fluid atomisation with aerosol spraydevices, and the nearest approach has been to use the equivalent of avapour phase tap (VPTs are used in “liquefied gas propellant aerosols”)to bleed some gas into the valve. However results for improving sprayfineness have not been significantly beneficial.

WO 90/05580 (Weston et a) discloses a discharge valve for regulating theflow of a liquid product from an aerosol canister pressurised by apermanent gas propellant such as nitrogen. The discharge valveincorporates a valve stem moveable from a first limit position to asecond limit position to effect spray discharge from the device via aspray outlet region thereof. The valve stem is formed with a flowconduit (designated as a “mixing chamber”) formed with at least oneupstream liquid orifice and at least one downstream gas orifice. Thedischarge valve incorporates a valving arrangement such that movement ofthe valve stem from its first to second limit position opens the liquidand gas orifices to cause a liquid/gas mixture to be produced in themixing chamber. Table 1 of WO 90/05580 gives exemplary dimensions forthe cross-sections of the mixing chamber, liquid and gas orifices butwithout detailed consideration as to the relative sizes thereof.

Downstream of the mixing chamber of the device of WO 90/05580 is atleast one restrictor through which the mixture is forced to pass toproduce a choked or sonic flow, resulting in the mixture expanding toform a “foamy mixture” which passes to an exit orifice at the sprayoutlet region for discharge from the spray device. The restrictors areemployed in the aerosol spray device of WO 90/05580 to ensure that thespray from the exit orifice is essentially constant throughout thedischarge of the liquid content of the device. This is achieved byensuring that the residual pressure which remains across each restrictorwhen the liquid content of the device is about to become exhausted isstill sufficiently high to produce at least substantially choked flowthrough the or each restrictor and thereby produce a shockwave aftereach restrictor. More specifically, the flow becomes supersonicdownstream of the restrictor and shockwaves are produced as the flowsubsequently goes from supersonic to subsonic resulting in vigorousbreak-up of gas particles to produce a uniform foam. However the need toprovide the restrictors results in a relatively complicated constructionand a discharge assembly which cannot readily be produced bymass-production techniques such as injection moulding.

Copending U.S. Patent Application No. 61/261,906 discloses an aerosolspray device for producing fine sprays in the case of “compressed gaspropellant aerosols” although there is some applicability to “liquefiedgas propellant aerosols”. Embodiments disclosed in the prior USapplication incorporate a spray discharge assembly incorporating a flowconduit for supplying fluid from a container to a spray outlet region ofthe device. The flow conduit has at least one first inlet for liquidfrom the container and at least one second inlet for propellant gas froma head space of the container. The spray discharge assembly furtherincorporates a valving arrangement such that movement of a valve stemfrom a first to second limit position opens the first and second inletsto cause a bubble laden flow to be generated in the flow conduit forsupply to the spray outlet region. In accordance with the teaching ofthe prior US application, there is provided, downstream of the flowconduit, an approach chamber having at least one inlet and an outletcommunicating with a discharge orifice. The outlet of the approachchamber (which is effectively an inlet to the discharge orifice) issurrounded by a sharp edge. Located between the flow conduit and theapproach channel is at least one jetting orifice through which thebubble laden flow from the flow conduit passes and issues as a jet intothe approach channel, the jetting orifice being configured for directingthe jets against the sharp edge. The invention of the prior USapplication was found to produce fine sprays as a result of a separationand reattachment phenomenon of the bubble laden flow in the dischargeorifice.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is providedan aerosol spray device comprising a pressurised or pressurisablecontainer holding a liquid to be discharged from the device by a gaseouspropellant that is a gas at a temperature of 25° C. and a pressure of atleast 50 bar and a spray discharge assembly mounted on the container,said spray discharge assembly incorporating

a valve stem moveable from a first limit position to a second limitposition to effect spray discharge from the device,

a spray outlet region having an outlet orifice from which fluid from thecontainer is discharged,

a flow conduit for supplying fluid from the container to the sprayoutlet region, said flow conduit having at least one first inlet forliquid from the container and at least one second inlet at the samedistance along the conduit as said first inlet(s) or downstream of saidfirst inlet(s) for propellant gas from a headspace of the container, and

a valving arrangement adapted such that movement of the valve stem fromits first to second limit position opens said first and said secondinlets to cause a bubble laden flow to be created in the flow conduitand movement of the valve stem back to its first limit position closessaid first and said second inlets, wherein

-   -   (i) the flow conduit has a cross-sectional area equivalent to a        circle with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm at least in the        region of the second inlet(s) defined in (iii) below,    -   (ii) the first inlet(s) has/have a total cross-sectional area        equivalent to that of a circle with a diameter of 0.15 mm to 1.5        mm with the proviso that at least one first inlet has a        cross-sectional area equivalent to that of a circle with a        diameter of at least 0.1 mm, and    -   (iii) the second inlet(s) has/have a total cross-sectional area        equivalent to that of a circle with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.7        mm diameter with the proviso that at least one second inlet has        a cross-sectional area equivalent to that of a circle with a        diameter of at least 0.10 mm and with the further proviso that        the second inlet(s) has/have a total cross-sectional area less        than that of the first inlet(s), and    -   (iv) the spray outlet orifice has a cross-sectional area less        than the total cross-sectional area of the first inlet(s) and        greater than the total cross-sectional area of the second        inlet(s).

For the purposes of the above definition, the cross-sectional areas ofthe first inlet(s) and the second inlet(s) are measured at their pointof entry into the flow conduit.

The Invention has been based on a finding that by appropriate sizing ofthe flow conduit and the cross-sectional dimensions of the first(liquid) inlet(s) and second (gas) inlet(s) to the flow conduit, it ispossible to produce good sprays from an aerosol spray device without theneed to incorporate restrictors as required in the construction of WO90/05580. This is due to the fact that the relatively small sizes of thefirst (liquid) inlet(s) and the conduit create a pressure drop withinthe conduit, and a relatively high fluid velocity in the conduit, whichassist in drawing-in gas through the second (gas) inlet(s) to produce abubble-laden flow which results in discharge of a fine spray from thedischarge orifice of the aerosol spray device.

The fact that good sprays are obtained using the device of the inventionwithout the need for the restrictors required in the construction of WO90/05580 means that the discharge assembly of the present inventionreadily lends itself to production by injection moulding and with asmall number of component parts, comparable or equal in number to theparts used to construct conventional valves for consumer aerosoldevices.

By adopting the dimensions as outlined above, aerosol spray devices inaccordance with the invention can have a gas/liquid volume flow rateratio of less than 20, more preferably less than 15 and ideally in therange 6-10 (where the gas volume flow rate is calculated for atmosphericpressure conditions at 20° C.).

The present invention has been found particularly applicable in the casewhere the spray outlet region comprises a nozzle adapted to impart aswirling motion to the bubble laden flow prior to discharge thereof fromthe device. The nozzle may be a Mechanical Break-Up Unit, for whichfurther detailed examples are given below. With such units, it has beenfound that good atomisation of the liquid being discharged is obtained,resulting in a fine spray. Aerosol spray devices in accordance with theinvention are eminently suitable for use in conjunction with a varietyof consumer products, e.g. air-fresheners, polishes and deodorants.

Preferably the flow conduit is configured for substantially disturbancefree flow of said bubble laden flow to the spray outlet region of thedevice.

The substantially disturbance-free flow of the bubble laden flow can beachieved by configuring the flow conduit such that there is an absenceof any flow disturbances, whereby the bubble laden flow is delivered tothe spray outlet region in substantially the form in which it wascreated. Additionally, the valving arrangement present in the aerosolspray device should likewise not have any substantial effect on thebubble laden flow once created. Thus there is preferably no valve orobstruction in the bubble laden flow in between its creation and thespray outlet region of the aerosol spray device.

Preferably the bubble laden flow is such that it comprises a flow ofideally homogenous bubbles, with similar diameter, and withoutstratification across the flow conduit. Suitable dimensions for the flowconduit and the first and second inlets which enable such a flow to beobtained are given below.

The bubble laden flow should be at a velocity that gives a sufficientlyshort residence time of the flow in the flow conduit such that bubblecoalescence or stratification does not occur. Typically the flow rateshould be in the range 0.5 to 5 m/s.

The bubble laden flow should be at between 1 bar and 20 bar pressure,and in a preferred embodiment for a consumer aerosol can, between 4 barand 12 bar (said pressure reducing during evacuation of the can).

The ratio of volume of gas/volume of liquid contained in the bubbleladen flow in the flow conduit should be between 0.2 and 3.0 at thepressure prevailing in this conduit and more preferably between 0.3 and1.3.

The flow conduit in the aerosol spray device of the invention may beregarded as a mixing chamber. This flow conduit has a cross-sectionalarea equivalent to that of a circle with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm,more preferably 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm, as measured at the level of the second(gas) inlet(s). This cross-section may for example be about 1 mm. Theconduit may be of uniform and/or circular cross-section along itslength. The flow conduit (mixing chamber) may be provided in a valvestem of the aerosol spray device, in which case the first and secondinlets are also provided in the valve stem (and communicate with themixing chamber).

The spray outlet orifice may have a cross-sectional area equivalent to acircle with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm.

The first inlet(s) through which liquid from the container is suppliedinto the flow conduit preferably enter the flow conduit upstream of thesecond inlet(s) through which gas from the headspace of the container isbled or otherwise supplied. In an alternative embodiment, the first andsecond inlets are in the same plane of cross-section of the conduit.There will generally be from 1 to 6 of each of said first and secondinlets. The first inlets are ideally of uniform (preferably circular)cross-section and have a total cross-sectional area equivalent to thatof a circle with a diameter of 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.15mm to 0.70 mm diameter, even more preferably, for less viscous liquids,0.3 mm to 0.5 mm diameter. In the case that there is more than one firstinlet then at least one such inlet should have a cross-sectional areaequivalent to that of a circle with a diameter of at least 0.1 mm.

The second inlets are also ideally of uniform (preferably circular)cross-section and have a total cross-sectional area equivalent to thatof a circle with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably 0.16 mmto 0.35 mm diameter. In the case that there is more than one secondinlet then at least one such inlet should have a cross-sectional areaequivalent to that of a circle with a diameter of at least 0.1 mm.

The amount of gas bled through the Inlet may be 4 to 8 times the liquidvolume, where said gas volume is specified at atmospheric pressure and20° C. Higher figures may cause the can pressure to reduce quickly andliquid to remain in the can when all can pressure has been depleted,unless the initial fill ratio of the can, which is initial liquid volumedivided by total can volume, s reduced below 50%, this being undesirablefrom the viewpoint of attractiveness of the consumer aerosols topurchasers.

The spray device may incorporate an actuator assembly which is mountedon the valve stem and which incorporates the spray outlet region. Inthis case, the actuator assembly will incorporate a discharge conduitproviding for communication between the flow conduit and the sprayoutlet region. The flow conduit may be of circular-section as may be thedischarge conduit. Preferably the flow and discharge conduits are ofidentical diameter, ideally in the range 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The flow anddischarge conduit may each have a length from 3 to 50 times theirdiameter. The discharge conduit may, throughout its length, be collinearwith the flow conduit. Alternatively the discharge conduit may be formedin two sections, namely a first section collinear with the flow conduitand a second section angled (e.g. perpendicular thereto).

Where the flow conduit is provided in a valve stem of the aerosol spraydevice, with the first and second inlets also provided in the valvestem, the valving arrangement may comprise first and second seals whichin the first position of the valve stem close the first and secondinlets respectively. Optionally, the valving arrangement comprises twosaid first seals which in the first position of the valve stem locateone upstream of the first inlet(s) and one downstream thereof.

Alternatively, where the flow conduit is provided in a valve stem of theaerosol spray device, with the first and second inlets also provided inthe valve stem, the valving arrangement may comprise a single seal, withsaid first and second inlet(s) configured to be closed by said singleseal.

A lower region of the valve stem may locate within a housing and the oreach seal may be mounted on the housing for relative sliding engagementwith the valve stem. With such an arrangement a portion of the housingpreferably engages around the valve stem in the region of the secondinlet.

The or each seal may be an O-ring.

As indicated above, the Invention is particularly effective for spraydevices where the spray outlet region comprises a nozzle adapted toimpart a swirling motion to the bubble laden flow prior to dischargethereof from the device. The nozzle may be a conventional MechanicalBreak-Up unit. Thus, the nozzle, may comprise a discharge orifice, aswirl chamber provided around the discharge orifice and one or morechannels (“swirl channels” or “swirl arms”) extending outwardly from theswirl chamber. In such an arrangement, the flow conduit is incommunication (e.g. via a discharge conduit in an actuator assembly)with the outer end(s) of the channel(s) so that the bubble laden flow issupplied to the swirl chamber for discharge through the orifice.

The discharge orifice of the nozzle may, for example, have a diameter of0.15-0.5 mm. There may be from 1 to 8 swirl channels each having a widthof 0.1 mm-0.5 mm and a depth of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm. The swirl chamber may becircular with a diameter of 0.3 mm to 2 mm.

The nozzle may comprise an insert having a face locating against a faceof a boss in the spray outlet region of the device, wherein saiddischarge orifice is provided in the insert and wherein said faces ofthe boss and the Insert are configured to define the swirl chamber andthe channels.

An aerosol device according to the first aspect of the invention maycontain a material selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutical,agrochemical, fragrance, air freshener, odour neutraliser, sanitizingagent, polish, insecticide, depilatory chemical (such as calciumthioglycolate), epilatory chemical, cosmetic agent, deodorant,anti-perspirant, anti-bacterial agents, anti-allergenic compounds, andmixtures of two or more thereof. The device may, in particular, containa pharmaceutical composition, a fragrance composition, an odourneutralizer composition or a depilatory composition.

The flow conduit and valving arrangements employed in the aerosol spraydevices of the present invention may, for example, be as shown in FIGS.3 and 8-10 of the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No.61/261,906. The present specification does, however, provide details ofadditional valving/flow conduit arrangements which may be employed inthe invention of that earlier US application and in other aerosol spraydevices. Therefore, a second aspect of the present invention extends tosuch valving/flow conduit arrangements.

According to the second aspect of the Invention, there is provided avalving arrangement for an aerosol spray device comprising a pressurisedor pressurisable container holding a liquid to be discharged from thedevice by a propellant and a flow conduit for supplying fluid from thecontainer to a spray outlet region, said flow conduit having at leastone first inlet for liquid from the container and at least one secondinlet at the same distance along the conduit as said first inlet(s) ordownstream of said first inlet(s) for propellant gas from a headepace ofthe container, the valving arrangement comprising:

a valve stem moveable from a first limit position to a second limitposition to effect spray discharge from the device; and

a single seal configured to close both the first and second inlets whenthe valve stem is in its first limit position;

wherein movement of the valve stem from its first to its second limitposition opens said first and said second inlets to cause a bubble ladenflow to be created in the flow conduit and movement of the valve stemback to its first limit position closes said first and said secondinlets.

Such a valving arrangement is not limited in application to aerosolspray devices of the type defined in the first aspect of the invention,although they do have particular application thereto. Rather, thevalving arrangements of the second aspect of the invention may beapplied to any suitable aerosol spray device.

The valving arrangement may further comprising a housing, said housingat least partially defining a liquid flow path connecting the liquid inthe container to the first inlet(s) and a separate gas flow pathconnecting the headspace with the second inlet(s).

As with one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a lowerregion of the valve stem may locate within the housing and the singleseal may be mounted on the housing for relative sliding engagement withthe valve stem.

In one embodiment, the valving arrangement further comprises adistributor plug mounted immediately below the single seal within thehousing and further defining said separate liquid and gas flow paths.The distributor plug may perform a dual function of both defining theseparate flow paths and acting as a limit stop for the valve stem.

Alternatively, the single seal may comprise two components: a thin uppergasket mounted on the housing for relative sliding engagement with thevalve stem; and a thin lower gasket mounted immediately below the uppergasket within the housing and further defining said separate liquid andgas flow paths. Such an arrangement means that the upper and lowergaskets can be formed from different materials. Moreover, formation ofthe separate liquid and gas flow paths in the lower gasket may be donesimply by forming a channel on one side of the gasket leading to anassociated notch through the gasket, and forming a separate notchthrough the gasket on an opposite side thereof. The thin gaskets may bemade by injection moulding. Rather than having discrete adjacent upperand lower gaskets, the upper and lower gaskets may be formed integrallywith one another, forming a relatively thick gasket. Such a relativelythick gasket could also be made by injection moulding, by which the flowpaths could be defined during moulding.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be further described by way of example only withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of aerosol spraydevice in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of aerosol spraydevice in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a third embodiment of aerosol spraydevice in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a fourth embodiment of aerosol spraydevice in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a first alternative valving arrangementin accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a nozzle arrangement that may be employed in aerosolspray devices in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a second alternative valvingarrangement in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a third alternative valving arrangementin accordance with the invention;

FIGS. 9 ea and 9 b schematically illustrate a fourth alternative valvingarrangement in accordance with the invention in respective open and restconditions;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a distributor plug as used in thevalving arrangement of FIGS. 9a and 9b , showing internal conduits;

FIG. 11 is a cross section through A-B of FIG. 9 a;

FIGS. 12a and 12b schematically illustrate a fifth alternative valvingarrangement in accordance with the invention in respective open and restconditions;

FIG. 13 is a cross section through the valving arrangement of FIG. 12 a;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a thin gasket as used in the valvingarrangement of FIGS. 12a and 12 b;

FIG. 15 schematically illustrates a sixth alternative valvingarrangement in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view from below of a thick gasket as used inthe sixth alternative valving arrangement of FIG. 15; and

FIGS. 17-20 illustrate the results of the Example below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of aerosol spray device 1 inaccordance with the invention in the normal “rest” position. The device1 comprises a pressurised container 2 on the top of which is mounted anspray discharge assembly 3 which, as schematically illustrated in thedrawings, is crimped on to the top portion of container 2. Providedwithin container 2 is a liquid 5 to be dispensed from the device by apressurised gas such as nitrogen, air or carbon dioxide which haslimited solubility in the liquid 5 and is in a head space 6 of thecontainer 2. The gas in the head space 6 may, for example, be at anInitial pressure of 9 to 20 bar depending upon the type of container inuse. The initial pressure may, for example, be 9 or 12 bar. There arehowever higher pressure “standard” cans now available (but as yet littleused), for which the initial pressure is for example 18 bar or higher.Such cans can also be used in the present invention. Higher initial canpressure is good because there is more mass of gas available to helpatomisation and higher nozzle velocities which also helps atomisationand also the proportionate loss in can pressure as the can empties isless. This helps maintain spray quality and flow rate better during canlifetime.

The valve assembly 3 comprises a generally cylindrical, axially movablevalve stem 7 having an axial bore 8 extending from the upper end ofvalve stem 7 part way towards the lower end thereof. At its lower end,valve stem 7 locates within a cylindrical housing 9 positionedinternally of the container 2 and at its upper end is fitted with anactuator in the form of a cap 10 having a spray outlet region 11. Thiscap 10 (which may be of the type available under the name “Kosmos” fromPrecision Valve (UK) Ltd) is moulded so as to locate on the top of valvestem 7 and has an internal L-shaped conduit formed as a first section 12a collinear with the bore 8 of valve stem 7 and a second section 12 bthat extends at right angles to section 12 a and leads to spray outletregion 11. Provided at the outlet end of region 11 is a conventional MBU(Mechanical Break-Up Unit) insert 13 which is described in more detailbelow.

In broad outline, the aerosol spray device 1 is operated by pressingdown on the cap 10 to cause downward movement of valve stem 7 withresultant discharge of a spray from spray outlet region 11, the spraybeing produced in the manner described more fully below.

As shown in the drawings, valve stem 7 is biased upwardly of thecontainer 2 by means of a coil spring 14 locating at its upper endaround a lower bulbous nose 15 on the valve stem 7. Lower end of coilspring 14 locates around an aperture 16 in lower wall 17 of the housing9. Depending from wall 17 is a tubular spigot 18 having a lower wallenlarged end 19 to which is fitted a dip tube 20 which extends to thebase of the container 2. It will be appreciated from the drawing thatthe lower region of container 2 is in communication with the interior ofthe housing 9 via the dip tube 20, spigot 18 and aperture 16 (whichprovides a liquid inlet for housing 9).

For reasons which will become clear from the subsequent description,valve stem 7 has an external diameter slightly less than the internaldiameter of housing 9 so that an annular clearance 21 is defined betweenvalve stem 7 and housing 9.

Annular gaskets 22 and 23 formed of rubber or other elastomeric materialare provided at upper and central regions respectively of the housing 9and are dimensioned to seal against the outer surface of valve stem 7.To facilitate understanding of the device as further described below,the aforementioned annular clearance is shown as being sub-divided intotwo sections referenced as 21 a and 21 b. Section 21 a of the annularclearance extends between the two gaskets 22 and 23, whereas section 21b of the annular clearance is below the lower gasket 23. Formed in thewall of the housing 9 between the two gaskets 22 and 23 are a pluralityof ports 24 which provide for communication between the pressurised gasin the head space 6 and the annular clearance 21 a.

Internally, valve stem 7 is formed with the flow conduit 8 (extendingcoaxially along the valve stem 7) and a liquid feed chamber 26 whichcommunicates with the flow conduit 8 via a passageway 27. Flow conduit 8extends from the upper end of valve stem 7 for over 50% of the lengththereof. Chamber 26 is below flow conduit 8 and is of greater diameterthan flow conduit 8 but significantly smaller length.

Two liquid feed passageways 28 extend transversely from the liquid feedchamber 26 and open at the outer surface of valve stem 7. As will beappreciated from the more detailed description given below, liquid 5from within the container 2 passes (during spray discharge) radiallyinwardly of the liquid feed passageways 28 into chamber 26 and then viapassageway 27 into the flow conduit 8. In this way, flow passageway 27provides a liquid inlet for the flow conduit 8.

Two gas bleed inlet passageways 29 extend transversely from the flowconduit 8 to open at the exterior surface of valve stem 7. The liquidfeed passageways 28 and gas bleed inlet passageways 29 are axiallyspaced from each other by a distance such that, in the “rest” conditionof the aerosol as shown in FIG. 1, the passageways 29 are sealed byupper gasket 22 and passageways 28 are sealed by lower gasket 23. Thecross-sections of the passageways 28 and 29 together with the axialspacing between these passageways and the dimensions of the upper andlower gaskets 22 and 23 are such that on depression of the valve stem 7the gas bleed inlet passageways 29 are opened simultaneously with (ormore preferably just before) the liquid feed passageways 28. The effectof opening the passageways 28 and 29 will be described more fully below.

It will be appreciated that constructions in which there is only onesuch liquid feed passageway 28 and/or one gas bleed inlet passageway 29are also practical. By way of example of the letter alternativearrangement, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 has just a single gasbleed inlet passageway 29. The embodiment of FIG. 5 also omits thechamber 26, the liquid feed passageways 28 extending directly to thepassageway 27.

Reference is now made to the spray outlet region 11 of the actuator cap10. This region 11 is formed internally with an integrally moulded boss30 arranged such that, on the one hand, it defines an annular clearanceor gallery 31 within the actuator cap 10 and, on the other hand, itsfree end is located a short distance from the exterior of cap 10 toleave a cylindrical gap in which the MBU insert 13 is located. Thisinsert is described in more detail below but, at this point, it will beappreciated that conduit section 12 b communicates with the annular gap31 so that fluid being discharged from container 2 may passcircumferentially around this gap.

MBU insert 13 is of conventional construction and is shown in moredetail in the insets to FIG. 1. In conventional manner the insert 13 iscircular and has a central orifice 32, which on one (upstream) face ofthe insert 13 is surrounded by a well 33 in communication with channels34 extending outwardly of well 33. MBU insert 13 has an outer diametersuch that it is a tight push fit within the outer end of outlet region11 so that its upstream face formed with the well 33 and the channels 34abuts against the free end of boss 30 with the outer ends of channels 34being in communication with the annular space 31 fed by conduit section12 b. It will be appreciated that with the MBU insert 13 located inposition as described, the well 33 forms a swirl chamber 35 with the endface of boss 30, the channel 35 being fed via the channels 34.

To operate the device 1, actuator cap 10 is depressed so that valve stem7 moves downwardly against the bias of spring 14. As a result, gas bleedinlet passageways 29 are displaced from the gasket 22 such thatcompressed gas can bleed from heed space 6 into the flow conduit 8 viathe ports 24 (In the wall of housing 9), the annular clearance 21 a andthe gas bleed inlet passageways 29. Simultaneously with, or preferablyslightly later then, the creation of the gas flow, one or more of theliquid inlet passageways 28 are opened by virtue of moving past lowergasket 23. Liquid 6 can now flow into liquid feed chamber 26 by passageupwardly along the dip tube 20, through the inlet 16 into the housing 9,into annular clearance 21 b and through the liquid inlet passageways 28.Liquid 5 introduced into liquid feed chamber 26 passes via passageway 28into flow conduit 8 where it is mixed with compressed gas bled throughthe passageways 29. A bubble laden flow of homogeneous bubbles withsimilar diameters and without significant coalescence or stratificationis formed in flow conduit 8 and flows along the conduit 8 into conduitsection 12 a (within actuator cap 10) and then into conduit section 12b. From this latter conduit section, the bubble laden flow passes into,and around, the annular gallery 31 and then enters the outer ends ofswirl channels 34 before passing into swirl chamber 35 and out throughdischarge orifice 32.

In the construction of the aerosol spray device 1, it should be ensuredthat the total cross-sectional area of the gas bleed passageways 29should not be so large that excessive gas is bled into the conduit 8such that the container 2 is depleted of pressurised gaseous propellantbefore all of the liquid 5 in the container has been discharged.Typically, the total cross-sectional area of the gas bleed inletpassageways 29 should be equivalent to that of a singular, circularsection inlet with a diameter of 0.15-0.7 mm.

Preferred dimensions for the construction of spray device 1 to ensureproduction of a bubble laden flow of homogeneous bubbles with similardiameters and without coalescence or stratification are shown in thefollowing table:

Reference Item Numeral Diameter Length Gas bleed inlet 29 0.15 mm each(two 1.0 mm provided) Liquid inlet 27 0.4 mm (one 1.0 mm passagewayprovided) Conduit in Valve Stem 8   1 mm  10 mm Exit Orifice of MBU 320.33 mm Well 33 0.75 mm 0.3 mm (depth) Channels 34 0.2 mm (width) 0.3 mm(depth)

With the dimensions as indicated above, the spray device 1 isparticularly suitable for consumer aerosol products such as polishes andair fresheners.

The (second) embodiment shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings is similar tothat of FIG. 1 but sections 12 a and 12 b of the discharge conduit inthe actuator cap 10 are connected by a curved transition region 12 c.This curved transition region 12 c ensures that there is lessdisturbance of the bubble laden flow in its passage from its generationto the outlet region 11 of the actuator cap.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which shows a third embodiment ofaerosol spray device in accordance with the invention. In essence, theembodiment of FIG. 3 is very similar to that of FIG. 1 (and the samereference numerals define like parts) save that the discharge conduit 12within actuator cap 10 is linear rather than being sub-divided intosections 12 a and 12 b at right angles to each other, as is the case inthe embodiment of FIG. 1. The provision of a linear discharge conduit 12within actuator cap 10 is advantageous in providing less disturbance tothe bubble laden flow and results in a spray device capable of producingsteadier and finer sprays than that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.The device of FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for air fresheners.

The (fourth) embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is based on that shown in FIG. 1(with an abrupt right-angled transition between discharge conduitsections 12 a and 12 b in actuator cap 10) but differs in theconfiguration of the outlet region 11. In the embodiment of FIG. 4,outlet section 12 b feeds coaxially into the gallery 31 (in contrast tothe preceding embodiments, in which the feed into the gallery 31 hasbeen off-centre). In this case, the gallery 31 is provided around aninsert 40 supported on struts 41.

As thus far described, the MBU inserts 13 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 areidentical with each other. However various other forms of MBU insert maybe employed, for example as depicted for the MBU insert 50 shown in FIG.6 of the drawings. In this embodiment, the boss 51 has a bevelledperipheral edge and the insert 50 has a conical surface that locates onthe bevelled free edge, as clearly depicted in FIG. 6. In this case, theswirl channels may be formed on the beveled edge of the boss 51 (whereinreferenced 52 a) or in the insert 50 itself (wherein referenced 52 b),or a combination of both. For either possibility, the swirl channels 52a, 52 b have components of their directions in the axial direction aswell as tangential to the swirl chamber 53.

FIGS. 7 and 8 of the drawings show modified valving arrangements forproducing the bubble-laden flow to be passed to the MBU insert.

The arrangement of FIG. 7 is similar to that of FIG. 1 save that (in therest condition of the aerosol spray device) the passageways 28 areisolated from the liquid 5 by two O-rings 60, one above each passageway28 and one below. When valve stem 7 is depressed, the passageways 28move past the lower O-ring 60 so as to be exposed to the high pressureliquid in the valve housing thus permitting liquid flow into theconduit. The gas bleed inlets 29 function in exactly the same way asoutlined above.

It should be noted that, although the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 5 and 7show a single liquid inlet passageway 27 entering coaxially into theconduit 8 at the lower end thereof, it is possible for there to be twoor more liquid inlets which can be formed in the side wall of the lowerpart of the conduit. Furthermore although the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to4 and 7 show the chamber 26 (that feeds the liquid inlet 27 to theconduit 8) being fed with liquid via two passageways 28, it is possiblefor the valve stem to be modified such that the chamber 26 and liquidinlet 27 are omitted and the flow conduit 8 is fed directly viapassageways 28 provided that they are of appropriate cross-section (as,for example, shown in FIG. 5).

In the arrangement of FIG. 8, the lower seal 23 has been omitted andmodifications made to the valve stem 7 and the housing 9 to permit thearrangement to function with the remaining, single seal 23. Morespecifically, the valve stem 7 incorporates for the conduit 8, a gasbleed inlet 71 and a liquid inlet 72 which, in principle, perform thesame functions as passageways 29 and 28 respectively in the arrangementof FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 8 for the rest condition of the aerosolspray device, gas bleed inlet(s) 71 is closed by seal 23 and extendsupwardly away therefrom. Liquid inlet(s) 72 is of angled configurationwith a short section coaxial with conduit 8 connected to a furthersection extending upwardly to seal 23 so as to be closed by that seal.Alternatively, inlet(s) 72 may enter directly into the side of theconduit 8. In other embodiments, the second inlet(s) 71 may beperpendicular to the conduit 8 and in a further embodiment both thefirst and second inlets, 72 and 71, may enter the conduit 8 at the sameorthogonal plane as the conduit 8. Additionally, a portion of thehousing 9 has been modified so as to be a close sliding fit around thatregion of the valve stem 7 where the gas bleed inlet 71 opens at theouter surface of valve stem 7. Furthermore gas feed port 73 (equivalentto port 24 in FIG. 1) has been configured so that its outlet end feedsdirectly into gas bleed inlet 71 when valve stem 7 is depressed. Thesearrangements avoid leakage of gas from the headspace of the containerinto the liquid inlet 72 or liquid leaking into the gas inlet 71. Whilstit is desirable to avoid such leakages as much as possible they are nota major problem because the gas and liquid are at essentially the samepressure in the container 2.

The embodiment of FIG. 8 has various advantages as compared to thatshown in, and described with reference to, FIG. 1. In particular, itemploys fewer parts and thus reduces material, manufacturing andassembly costs. Additionally it may readily be produced in dimensionswell suited to manufacture with the same overall dimensions asconventional liquefied gas propellant aerosol valves.

Further alternative embodiments are illustrated in FIGS. 9a to 16, inall of which the gasket 22 is omitted.

FIGS. 9a and 9b show, in respective open and rest conditions, such analternative ‘single gasket’ embodiment in which a modified housing 9contains a distributor plug 101 at its upper end. The distributor plugis a generally annular piece having a chamber 104 defined by an interiorsurface thereof. The plug has a locator lug 102 projecting from an outersurface for cooperative engagement with a mating recess (not shown) inthe interior wall of the housing 9 to ensure proper orientation of theplug 101 within the housing 9. An L-shaped gas inlet channel 83 extendsfrom the headspaoe to the chamber 104. An inverted L-shaped fluid inletchannel 84 extends from the fluid-filled interior of the housing 9 tothe chamber 104 at a position opposite to the gas channel 83. The plug101 may be formed of acetal or other suitable hard plastic material.Alternatively, it may comprise moulded rubber. The plug may be injectionmoulded, in which case it may be formed integrally with the seal 23. Inone embodiment, the plug may be provided with an additional lip seal(not shown) surrounding the bottom edge of the chamber 104 to improvesealing and ensure no leakage of liquid into the gas flow path.

As with the embodiment of FIG. 8, in the embodiment of FIGS. 9a to 11,modifications have been made to the valve stem 7 and the housing 9 topermit the arrangement to function with the remaining, single seal 23.More specifically, the valve stem 7 incorporates for the conduit 8, agas bleed inlet 81 and a liquid inlet 82 which, in principle, performthe same functions as passageways 29 and 28 respectively in thearrangement of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 9b for the rest condition of theaerosol spray device, the valve stem 7 is extended out of the housing 9,under the action of the spring 14, so that the gas bleed inlet(s) 81 andthe liquid inlets(s) are each on the opposite side of the seal 23 to thedistributor plug 101 and therefore not in communication, respectively,with the headspace and the interior of the housing 9.

The gas bleed inlet 81 is similar to that (71) of the embodiment of FIG.8. The liquid inlet(s) 82 is, like that (72) of the embodiment of FIG.8, of angled configuration, but in this instance is not joined with ashort section coaxial with the conduit 8. Instead, the inlet(s) 82enters directly into the side of the conduit 8. As with FIG. 8, in otherembodiments, the second inlet(s) 81 may be perpendicular to the conduit8 and in a further embodiment both the first and second inlets, 82 and81, may enter the conduit 8 at the same orthogonal plane as the conduit8.

The chamber 104 is dimensioned so as to be a close sliding fit aroundthat region of the valve stem 7 where the gas bleed inlet 81 and theliquid feed inlet 82 open at the outer surface of valve stem 7. As aresult of the close sliding fit, no liquid can leak past the valvestem/chamber interface and so the gas flow path will not be contaminatedwith any liquid from the chamber, which leakage could impede theperformance of the spray aerosol.

When the valve stem 7 is depressed, the gas bleed inlet 81 and theliquid feed inlet 82 are pushed pest the gasket 23 and intocommunication with the respective gas channel 83 and fluid inlet channel84.

In order to prevent rotation of the valve stem 7 within the housing 9,the housing may include a projection 91 for cooperative engagement witha corresponding recess 92 in the valve stem. To prevent the valve stem 7from extending too far out of the housing 9, a lower portion of the stemmay be enlarged, defining a step 94 that acts. In conjunction with theunderside of the distributor plug 101, as a limit stop (see FIG. 9b ).

Another alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 12a to 14.Transverse gas bleed inlet 121 replaces the angled gas bleed inlet 81 ofthe preceding embodiment; angled liquid feed inlet 122 replaces thesimilar inlet 82 (although joining the conduit 8 slightly higher up).

Instead of a projection from the housing cooperating with a recess onthe valve stem to prevent relative rotation of those parts, in thisembodiment lugs 7 a project from the valve stem 7 and are received ingrooves 9 a in the interior of the housing 9 and extending parallel tothe axis thereof. The liquid inlet arrangement is also different, inthat an axial channel 106 through the lower portion of the valve stem 7extends to be in fluid communication with the aperture 16 in the lowerwall of the housing 9. A transverse opening 108 is located at the upperend of the channel 106 and connects the channel 106 to the annularclearance 21 between the stem 7 and the housing 9.

At the upper end of the housing, the distributor plug 101 of FIGS. 9a to11 is replaced by an annular bush 110 and a thin gasket 112 sandwichedbetween the upper end of the bush and the seal 23. The thin gasket 112is shown in greater detail in FIG. 14 and comprises a disc having acentral aperture 113 that is sized to be a close fit about the valvestem. A radial groove 123 a extends in one side of the disc from thecentral aperture to an edge of the disc, where the groove connects withan axial notch 123 b that extends through the edge of the disc. Thegroove 123 a and notch 123 b together comprise a gas inlet port thatforms a gas flow path from the headspace to the gas bleed inlet 121 whenthe valve stem is depressed, as in FIG. 12a . A notch 124 extendsthrough the disc 112 at a point at the edge of the aperture 113diametrically opposite to the groove 123 a. When the valve stem isdepressed, the notch 124 forms a liquid flow path between the annularclearance 21 and the liquid feed inlet 122.

FIG. 12b shows the valve stem of this embodiment in a rest condition, inwhich the valve stem 7 is extended out of the housing 9, under theaction of the spring 14, so that the gas bleed inlet(s) 121 and theliquid inlets(s) 122 are each on the opposite side of the seal 23 to thegasket 112, or are at least blocked by the seal. The bush 110, inconjunction with an enlarged portion of the valve stem 7, may also actas a limit stop to prevent over extension of the stem out of the housing9.

FIGS. 15 and 16 are schematic illustrations of an alternativeembodiment. Rather than having separate seal 23 and thin gasket 112, asingle, thick gasket 130 is used. This could be manufactured usinginjection moulding techniques, for example, to incorporate therespective gas and liquid flow passages 123 a,b; 124.

It should be appreciated that various modifications may be made to theillustrated embodiments. Thus, for example, the spray devices shown inFIGS. 1-4 and 6 may have a single gas bleed inlet 29 (see FIG. 5) and/ora single liquid feed inlet 28 or may have three or more such inlets.Similarly the embodiment of spray device shown in FIG. 7 may have two ormore of each of the gas bleed inlet 29 and liquid feed inlet 28. Ingeneral, aspects of the various different embodiments may be combinedsuch that, for example, any of the valve stem configurations may becombined with any of the cap configurations and likewise either may becombined with any of the alternative outlet region configurations. Moregenerally, embodiments of spray device in accordance with the inventionmay have 1 to 6 gas bleed inlets, preferably with a total cross-sectionequivalent to a single inlet of 0.15-0.7 mm diameter. Similarly theremay be 1 to 6 liquid inlets with a total cross-section equivalent to asingle inlet of 0.15-0.7 mm diameter. Also, rather than havingcooperating projection/recess or groove arrangements to prevent relativerotation of the valve stem 7 within the housing 9, due to their roundshapes, the stem and the housing could instead have othercross-sectional profiles (such as square) that would inherently preventsuch relative rotation.

Furthermore although all embodiments are illustrated with an MBU insertwith four swirl channels, it is possible more generally to use insertswith 1 to 8 such channels.

It should be appreciated that the flow conduit/valving arrangementsshown in, and described with reference to, FIGS. 7 to 16 above may beemployed in the aerosol spray devices which are the subject of, anddisclosed in, the aforementioned US patent application.

The following non-limiting Example illustrates the invention.

Example

This Example was carried out using an aerosol spray device in accordancewith the invention having a discharge assembly with a flow conduit,diameter 1.0 mm and length in the stem 15.0 mm, having a single liquidinlet having a diameter of 0.40 mm and downstream thereof a single gasinlet having a diameter of 0.20 mm. Both diameters are as measured atthe point of entry of the inlet into the flow conduit. The liquid andgas inlets are separated by 2.4 mm The aerosol spray device was fittedwith an “AQUA” MBU insert having a 0.23 mm exit orifice and the generalarrangement was similar to that shown in FIG. 1

The canister of the device had an Interior volume of 486 ml which was50% filed with deionised water. The canister was pressurised to aninternal pressure of 12.13 bar using an electrical transducer type ofmanometer having an accuracy better than 0.01 bar (1.0 kPa).

The valve stem was depressed for successive, discrete periods of 20seconds until the container was empty. For each discharge, the canpressure was measured and recorded. Additionally for each discharge thespray was collected and weighed (although as an alternative the cancould be weighed before and after the discharge, the difference givingthe mass of liquid spray, making the reasonable assumption that the massof gas discharged is negligible).

The mass measurements were used to calculate volume of liquid sprayed(dVL) during spray discharge.

Values for the volume of atomising gas released (dVat ml) weredetermined by standard equations making use of the ideal gas lawrelating pressure, volume, mass and temperature of gas so that the massof gas in the canister is calculated before and after the 20 s sprayinginterval. In this respect, the product GAS pressure (Abe) X Gas Volume(in can) is proportional to the Mass of Gas left in the can (accordingto the Gas Law, assuming a constant temperature which is the case forthese experiments). This does not need to be used explicitly because theinitial volume and pressure of the gas in the can and thus the gasdensity and thus the Initial gas mass in the can are known. The gasdensity after 20 s can be calculated using the new can pressure andmultiplying by the volume of gas in the can (which has increased by aknown volume that is equal to the measured volume of liquid sprayed in20 s) to give the mass of gas left in the can. The difference betweenthe mass of gas in the can before and after the 20 s is the mass of gasthat has left the gas.

The average liquid and gas flow rates during the time interval (QL m/minand Qg ml/min respectively) were simply calculated by dividing the timeinterval into the volumes of liquid and gas passing through the MBU inthat time. Finally the ratio of Qg/QL were determined.

The results are shown in the following Table.

vol liquid atom gas initial final liquid total atom- initial final flowflow Dis- pressure pressure time vol discharge izing liquid liquid raterate charge bar bar interval sprayed time gas in in QL Qg ratio No. g gdt sec dVL sec dVat ml can ml can ml ml/min ml/min Qg/QL 1 12.13 10.5620 16.3 20 193.07 243 226.7 48.90 579.20 11.84 2 10.56 9.27 20 13.9 40193.10 226.7 212.8 41.70 579.29 13.69 3 9.27 8.23 20 14.2 60 153.12212.8 198.6 42.60 459.36 10.78 4 8.23 7.32 20 13.7 80 147.30 198.6 184.941.10 441.91 10.75 5 7.32 6.58 20 12.7 100 126.59 184.9 172.2 38.10379.76 9.97 6 6.58 5.96 20 12.0 120 109.44 172.2 160.2 36.00 328.33 9.127 5.96 5.39 20 10.9 140 117.38 160.2 149.3 32.70 352.14 10.77 8 5.394.90 20 10.8 160 102.33 149.3 138.5 32.40 306.98 9.47 9 4.90 4.46 2010.3 180 94.21 138.5 128.2 30.90 282.63 9.15 10 4.46 4.09 20 10.0 20083.31 128.2 118.2 30.00 249.92 8.33 11 4.09 3.74 20 9.6 220 80.61 118.2108.6 28.80 241.84 8.40 12 3.74 3.42 20 8.6 240 86.20 108.6 100 25.80258.59 10.02 13 3.42 3.14 20 8.4 260 70.98 100 91.6 25.20 212.94 8.45 143.14 2.83 20 8.3 280 90.47 91.6 83.3 24.90 271.40 10.90 15 2.83 2.58 206.3 300 70.54 83.3 75 24.90 211.63 8.50 16 2.58 2.39 20 7.3 320 55.84 7567.7 21.90 167.51 7.65 17 2.39 2.19 20 7.2 340 58.59 67.7 60.5 21.60175.78 8.14 18 2.19 2.03 20 6.6 360 47.21 60.5 53.9 19.80 141.63 7.15 192.03 1.86 20 6.5 380 54.85 53.9 47.4 19.50 164.54 8.44 20 1.86 1.72 206.4 400 46.20 47.4 41 19.20 138.61 7.22It can be seen from the Table that the Gas/Liquid volume ratio (finalcolumn) is between 8 and 11 for most of the lifetime of the aerosolcanister, which represents a very satisfactory result.

For a given exit orifice size the dependency of gas and liquid flowrates on gas and liquid inlet diameters is complex; for example it isproposed that reducing the liquid inlet diameter produces a lowering ofpressure inside the conduit which increases the inflow of gas into theconduit. However this increased gas inflow increase the blockage of thebubbly flow at the swirl inlets and exit orifice of the MBU whichproduces a lowering of the liquid inflow rate from the value expected.In order to take into account these complex effects the inventorscarried out testing of valves with different gas and liquid inletdiameters and exit orifice diameters. These are carried out as afunction of pressure as a canister empties during spraying. In order tocompare the performances using different orifices it is found to benecessary to compare flow rates at different representative pressuresand the second table shows this comparison for a range of 16 valvegeometries and for two MBU's (exit orifices 0.23 mm and 0.33 mm) for thepressure 9.5 bar. It is noted that when there is more than one liquidinlets it is the ‘equivalent area’ inlet diameter that should bespecified for comparison purposes, i.e. the diameter of a single orificethat would have the same cross sectional area as the sum of the crosssectional areas of all of the liquid inlets.

Number Dilq Dexit 0.23 mm Dexit 0.33 mm of (equiv) Dgas Qliq Qg Qgas/Qliq Qg Qgas/ Liq Intake mm mm ml/min ml/min Qliq ml/min ml/min Qliq 10.3 0.2 23 1200 52 39 2200 56 1 0.3 0.2 35.7 390 10.9 65 1200 16.4 10.35 0.2 29.5 700 23.7 65 1300 20 1 0.4 0.15 33.3 130 3.9 116 97 0.8 10.4 0.2 42 579 13.8 2 0.42 0.25 54 170 3.1 79 320 4 2 0.42 0.36 19 150078 60 2400 46 1 0.45 0.2 35 820 23 82 1110 13.5 1 0.5 0.2 37.5 510 13.6103 700 6.8 2 0.57 0.35 27 1100 40 59 1800 30.5 2 0.71 0.35 35 660 18.882 1450 17.7 2 0.42 0.25 42 270 6.4 82 560 6.8 1 0.4 0.2 37 510 13.7 761050 13.8 1 0.42 0.2 68 1500 22

The performance information of the type in the second table is bestinterpreted by using “iso-contour” 3-dimensional surface plot charts andfour examples of these are shown in the four FIGS. 17-20. For instancethe first FIG. 17 shows the iso-contours of gas/liquid volume ratio forthe 0.23 mm diameter MBU, obtained using software supplied by “DPlot”that takes data in tabular form and constructs contours by interpolationalgorithms. In this first FIG. 17 it is seen that there are combinationsof values of gas and liquid orifices that are possible to give desirablegas/liquid volume ratios within the bounds of the contour value “16” inthe lower central part of the Figure. The second FIG. 18 shows the same0.23 mm exit case at 9.5 bar but showing iso-contours of the liquid flowrate. From these two figures one may specify combinations of gas andliquid orifice for supplying the highest allowed gas/liquid volume ratioand at a desired flow rate. The same procedure should be carried out ata lower pressure, say 4 bar, in order to ensure that gas/quid volumeratio and liquid flow rate are acceptable when the canister is nearingthe empty state.

Furthermore the procedure should be carried out for more than one valueof exit orifice diameter; for example the data for the 0.23 mm orificecase shows best flow rates that are too low for air-freshener consumerproducts and this requires optimising the gas and liquid inlets using alarger exit orifice diameter. The third fourth FIGS. 19 and 20respectively, show the iso-contours of gas/liquid volume ratio andliquid flow rate for the case of a 0.33 mm exit orifice and it is foundthat optimisation is achieved at approximately 75% higher liquid flowrates than for the 0.23 mm case.

To minimise the droplet sizes it is necessary to maximise the gas/liquidvolume ratio however smaller exit orifices and higher canister pressuresalso reduce drop size.

1-38. (canceled)
 39. A valving arrangement for an aerosol spray devicecomprising a pressurised or pressurisable container holding a liquid tobe discharged from the device by a propellant comprising: a valve stemmoveable from a first limit position to a second limit position toeffect spray discharge from the device; a flow conduit for supplyingfluid from the container to a spray outlet region, said flow conduitbeing provided in said valve stem having at least one first inlet forliquid from the container and at least one second inlet at the samedistance along the conduit as said first inlet(s) or downstream of saidfirst inlet(s) for propellant gas from a headspace of the container,wherein each of said first liquid inlet(s) and said second gas inlet(s)is provided in said valve stem; and a single seal configured to isolateboth the first and second inlets from the liquid to be discharged andthe propellant gas when the valve stem is in its first limit position,wherein movement of the valve stem from its first to its second limitposition opens said first and said second inlets to the liquid to bedischarged and the propellant gas to respectively cause gas and liquidto be introduced separately into the flow conduit to thereby cause abubble laden flow to be created therein and movement of the valve stemback to its first limit position isolates said first and said secondinlets from the liquid to be discharged and the propellant gas.
 40. Thevalving arrangement of claim 39, further comprising a housing, saidhousing at least partially defining a liquid flow path connecting theliquid in the container to the first inlet(s) and a separate gas flowpath connecting the headspace with the second inlet(s).
 41. The valvingarrangement of claim 40, wherein a lower region of the valve stemlocates within the housing and the single seal is mounted on the housingfor relative sliding engagement with the valve stem.
 42. The valvingarrangement of claim 41, further comprising a distributor plug mountedimmediately below the single seal within the housing and furtherdefining said separate liquid and gas flow paths.
 43. The valvingarrangement of claim 39, wherein a cylindrical interface is formedbetween the seal and the valve stem.
 44. The valving arrangement ofclaim 39, being adapted to discharge a gaseous propellant from thecontainer that is a gas at a temperature of 25° C. and a pressure of atleast 50 bar.
 45. The valving arrangement of claim 40, wherein each ofthe first liquid inlet(s) and the second gas inlet(s) are on theopposite side of the single seal to the liquid to be discharged and thepropellant gas when the valve stem is in its first limit position. 46.The valving arrangement of claim 40, wherein each of the first liquidinlet(s) and the second gas inlet(s) are on the opposite side of thesingle seal to the liquid flow path and the gas flow path when the valvestem is in its first limit position.